> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://ayakaleaf-pro.ayaka.space/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://ayakaleaf-pro.ayaka.space/latex/zh-cn/ge-shi-hua/06-text-alignment.md).

# 文本对齐

## 引言

默认情况下，LaTeX 将文本排版为两端对齐，但有时左对齐或“参差右边”（对于从右到左的语言）的文本可能更合适——例如窄栏中的文本。本文介绍如何使用 LaTeX 的内置功能和该宏包来更改文档部分或全部内容的文本对齐方式 `ragged2e`.

## 标准 LaTeX 命令和环境

LaTeX 确实内置了用于更改文本排版对齐方式的命令：

* 参差右边（`\raggedright`)
* 参差左边（`\raggedleft`)
* 居中（`\centering`)

以及相应的环境：

* 参差右边（`flushleft` 环境）
* 参差左边（`flushright` 环境）
* 居中（`centering` 环境）

不过， [`ragged2e` 宏包](https://ctan.org/pkg/ragged2e?lang=en) 提供了一些改进，优于这些标准 LaTeX 命令和环境。

## 使用 ragged2e 宏包

首先，下面是一个使用该 `ragged2e` 宏包及其 `[document]` 选项来排版 *整个文档文本* 为参差右边（左对齐）。示例代码添加了这一行

```latex
\usepackage[document]{ragged2e}
```

到文档导言区：

```latex
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[document]{ragged2e}

\begin{document}
\section{Heading on Level 1 (section)}
你好，这里有一些没有意义的文本。这段文本应展示此处打印文本的样子。如果你读到这段文本，你将得不到任何信息。真的？这段文本和诸如 not at all! 之类的胡言乱语有什么区别吗？像这样的无意义文本可以让你了解所选字体、字母的书写方式，以及整体外观的印象。
\end{document}
```

[打开此 `ragged2e` Overleaf 中的示例](https://www.overleaf.com/docs?engine=pdflatex\&snip_name=Example+using+ragged2e+package\&snip=%5Cdocumentclass%7Barticle%7D%0A%5Cusepackage%5Bdocument%5D%7Bragged2e%7D%0A%0A%5Cbegin%7Bdocument%7D%0A%5Csection%7BHeading+on+Level+1+%28section%29%7D%0AHello%2C+here+is+some+text+without+a+meaning.+This+text+should+show+what+a+printed+text+will+look+like+at+this+place.++If+you+read+this+text%2C+you+will+get+no+information.++Really%3F++Is+there+no+information%3F++Is+there+a+difference+between+this+text+and+some+nonsense+like+not+at+all%21++A+blind+text+like+this+gives+you+information+about+the+selected+font%2C+how+the+letters+are+written+and+an+impression+of+the+look.%0A%5Cend%7Bdocument%7D)

此示例生成如下输出：

![Ragged2eOLV21.png](/files/8fba243d409b0f2021ac1c6479cad6b8ce9ec2c9)

## 比较 \raggedright（LaTeX）与 \RaggedRight（ragged2e）

LaTeX 命令 `\raggedright` 有时会产生看起来“过于参差”的结果。宏包 `ragged2e` 通过在某一行过短时允许断词来解决这个问题，从而生成更均匀的参差文本边缘。下面的示例显示了通过 LaTeX 命令生成的参差右边文本 `\raggedright` 以及作为比较，使用以下方式排版的相同文本 `\RaggedRight` 命令，由 `ragged2e`:

```latex
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage{ragged2e}
\usepackage{blindtext}

\begin{document}
\setlength{\hsize}{0.9\hsize}% emphasize effects

\subsection*{使用
\texttt{\string\raggedright}\\（标准 \LaTeX{} 命令）}
\raggedright\blindtext[2]\par

\subsection*{使用 \texttt{\string\RaggedRight}\\（\texttt{ragged2e} 命令）的左对齐示例}
\RaggedRight\blindtext[2]\par
\end{document}
```

[在 Overleaf 中打开此示例](https://www.overleaf.com/docs?engine=pdflatex\&snip_name=Demonstrating+left-aligned+text\&snip=%5Cdocumentclass%7Barticle%7D%0A%5Cusepackage%5Benglish%5D%7Bbabel%7D%0A%5Cusepackage%7Bragged2e%7D%0A%5Cusepackage%7Bblindtext%7D%0A%0A%5Cbegin%7Bdocument%7D%0A%5Csetlength%7B%5Chsize%7D%7B0.9%5Chsize%7D%25+emphasize+effects%0A%0A%5Csubsection%2A%7BLeft-aligned+example+with+%0A%5Ctexttt%7B%5Cstring%5Craggedright%7D%5C%5C+%28standard+%5CLaTeX%7B%7D+command%29%7D%0A%5Craggedright%5Cblindtext%5B2%5D%5Cpar%0A%0A%5Csubsection%2A%7BLeft-aligned+example+with+%5Ctexttt%7B%5Cstring%5CRaggedRight%7D%5C%5C+%28%5Ctexttt%7Bragged2e%7D+command%29%7D%0A%5CRaggedRight%5Cblindtext%5B2%5D%5Cpar+%0A%5Cend%7Bdocument%7D)

![Leftaligncompare2.png](/files/2ed03e0a2c764bd011c103daea9dc13cf0cb95c6)

如在 `ragged2e` [包文档](https://mirror.ox.ac.uk/sites/ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/ragged2e/ragged2e.pdf), `ragged2e` 中所讨论的，提供了用于修改文本对齐方式的替代命令和环境，我们将看看其中的一些。

## 用于参差右边（左对齐）文本的环境

用于生成参差右边文本的默认 LaTeX 环境是 `flushleft`。在 `ragged2e` 中的对应项称为 `FlushLeft` （注意大小写）。下面的示例比较这些环境的输出：

```latex
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage{ragged2e}
\usepackage{blindtext}
\begin{document}
\setlength{\hsize}{0.9\hsize}% emphasize effects

\subsection*{\texttt{flushleft} 环境：（标准 \LaTeX{}）}

\begin{flushleft}
\blindtext[1]
\end{flushleft}

\subsection*{\texttt{FlushLeft} 环境：（\texttt{ragged2e}）}

\begin{FlushLeft}
\blindtext[1]
\end{FlushLeft}

\end{document}
```

[在 Overleaf 中打开此示例](https://www.overleaf.com/docs?engine=pdflatex\&snip_name=Demonstrating+left-aligned+text\&snip=%5Cdocumentclass%7Barticle%7D%0A%5Cusepackage%5Benglish%5D%7Bbabel%7D%0A%5Cusepackage%7Bragged2e%7D%0A%5Cusepackage%7Bblindtext%7D%0A%5Cbegin%7Bdocument%7D%0A%5Csetlength%7B%5Chsize%7D%7B0.9%5Chsize%7D%25+emphasize+effects%0A%0A%5Csubsection%2A%7B%5Ctexttt%7Bflushleft%7D+environment%3A+%28standard+%5CLaTeX%7B%7D%29%7D%0A%0A%5Cbegin%7Bflushleft%7D%0A%5Cblindtext%5B1%5D%0A%5Cend%7Bflushleft%7D%0A%0A%5Csubsection%2A%7B%5Ctexttt%7BFlushLeft%7D+environment%3A+%28%5Ctexttt%7Bragged2e%7D%29%7D%0A%0A%5Cbegin%7BFlushLeft%7D%0A%5Cblindtext%5B1%5D%0A%5Cend%7BFlushLeft%7D%0A%0A%5Cend%7Bdocument%7D)

![Flcompare.png](/files/3ff38a2251393105aab1a70c042db85c01ea9f98)

## 用于参差左边（右对齐）文本的环境

用于生成参差左边（右对齐）文本的默认 LaTeX 环境是 `flushright`。在 `ragged2e` 中的对应项称为 `FlushRight` （注意大小写）。下面的示例比较这些环境的输出：

```latex
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage{ragged2e}
\usepackage{blindtext}
\begin{document}
\setlength{\hsize}{0.9\hsize}% emphasize effects

\subsection*{\texttt{flushright} 环境：（标准 \LaTeX{}）}

\begin{flushright}
\blindtext[1]
\end{flushright}

\subsection*{\texttt{FlushRight} 环境：（\texttt{ragged2e}）}

\begin{FlushRight}
\blindtext[1]
\end{FlushRight}

\end{document}
```

[在 Overleaf 中打开此示例](https://www.overleaf.com/docs?engine=pdflatex\&snip_name=Demonstrating+right-aligned+text\&snip=%5Cdocumentclass%7Barticle%7D%0A%5Cusepackage%5Benglish%5D%7Bbabel%7D%0A%5Cusepackage%7Bragged2e%7D%0A%5Cusepackage%7Bblindtext%7D%0A%5Cbegin%7Bdocument%7D%0A%5Csetlength%7B%5Chsize%7D%7B0.9%5Chsize%7D%25+emphasize+effects%0A%0A%5Csubsection%2A%7B%5Ctexttt%7Bflushright%7D+environment%3A+%28standard+%5CLaTeX%7B%7D%29%7D%0A%0A%5Cbegin%7Bflushright%7D%0A%5Cblindtext%5B1%5D%0A%5Cend%7Bflushright%7D%0A%0A%5Csubsection%2A%7B%5Ctexttt%7BFlushRight%7D+environment%3A+%28%5Ctexttt%7Bragged2e%7D%29%7D%0A%0A%5Cbegin%7BFlushRight%7D%0A%5Cblindtext%5B1%5D%0A%5Cend%7BFlushRight%7D%0A%0A%5Cend%7Bdocument%7D)

![FRcompare.png](/files/f3ac7e5b2a548b355fd687a07adb78d5e7c68de4)

## 用于居中文本的环境

用于生成居中文本的默认 LaTeX 环境是 `center`。在 `ragged2e` 中的对应项称为 `Center` （注意大小写）。下面的示例比较这些环境的输出：

```latex
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage{ragged2e}
\usepackage{blindtext}
\begin{document}
\setlength{\hsize}{0.9\hsize}% emphasize effects

\subsection*{\texttt{center} 环境：（标准 \LaTeX{}）}

\begin{center}
\blindtext[1]
\end{center}

\subsection*{\texttt{Center} 环境：（\texttt{ragged2e}）}
\begin{Center}
\blindtext[1]
\end{Center}
\end{document}
```

[在 Overleaf 中打开此示例](https://www.overleaf.com/docs?engine=pdflatex\&snip_name=Demonstrating+right-aligned+text\&snip=%5Cdocumentclass%7Barticle%7D%0A%5Cusepackage%5Benglish%5D%7Bbabel%7D%0A%5Cusepackage%7Bragged2e%7D%0A%5Cusepackage%7Bblindtext%7D%0A%5Cbegin%7Bdocument%7D%0A%5Csetlength%7B%5Chsize%7D%7B0.9%5Chsize%7D%25+emphasize+effects%0A%0A%5Csubsection%2A%7B%5Ctexttt%7Bcenter%7D+environment%3A+%28standard+%5CLaTeX%7B%7D%29%7D%0A%0A%5Cbegin%7Bcenter%7D%0A%5Cblindtext%5B1%5D%0A%5Cend%7Bcenter%7D%0A%0A%5Csubsection%2A%7B%5Ctexttt%7BCenter%7D+environment%3A+%28%5Ctexttt%7Bragged2e%7D%29%7D%0A%5Cbegin%7BCenter%7D%0A%5Cblindtext%5B1%5D%0A%5Cend%7BCenter%7D%0A%5Cend%7Bdocument%7D)

![Centrecompare.png](/files/6a0e8861837415bb09f904a1e40050f059de8356)

## 两端对齐文本

该宏包 `ragged2e` 提供了命令 `\justifying` 您可以如下例所示使用它：

```latex
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage{ragged2e}
\usepackage{blindtext}
\begin{document}
\setlength{\hsize}{0.9\hsize}% emphasize effects

\Centering
\blindtext[1]

\vspace{5mm}
\justifying
\blindtext[1]
\end{document}
```

[在 Overleaf 中打开此示例](https://www.overleaf.com/docs?engine=pdflatex\&snip_name=Demonstrating+justification+with+ragged2e\&snip=%5Cdocumentclass%7Barticle%7D%0A%5Cusepackage%5Benglish%5D%7Bbabel%7D%0A%5Cusepackage%7Bragged2e%7D%0A%5Cusepackage%7Bblindtext%7D%0A%5Cbegin%7Bdocument%7D%0A%5Csetlength%7B%5Chsize%7D%7B0.9%5Chsize%7D%25+emphasize+effects%0A%0A%5CCentering%0A%5Cblindtext%5B1%5D%0A%0A%5Cvspace%7B5mm%7D%0A%5Cjustifying%0A%5Cblindtext%5B1%5D+%0A%5Cend%7Bdocument%7D)

![Justifyingdemo.png](/files/c36b74cfca045c607713411dc2c5629594e1e196)

## 参考指南

**文本对齐的环境和命令摘要**

| 对齐方式 | 环境           | 切换命令           | ragged2e 环境  | ragged2e 切换命令  |
| ---- | ------------ | -------------- | ------------ | -------------- |
| 左    | `flushleft`  | `\raggedright` | `FlushLeft`  | `\RaggedRight` |
| 右    | `flushright` | `\raggedleft`  | `FlushRight` | `\RaggedLeft`  |
| 居中   | `center`     | `\centering`   | `Center`     | `\Centering`   |
| 两端对齐 |              |                | `justify`    | `\justifying`  |

## 进一步阅读

更多信息请参见：

* [段落和换行](/latex/zh-cn/latex-ji-chu/02-paragraphs-and-new-lines.md)
* [段落格式设置](/latex/zh-cn/ge-shi-hua/04-articles-how-to-change-paragraph-spacing-in-latex.md)
* [粗体、斜体和下划线](/latex/zh-cn/latex-ji-chu/03-bold-italics-and-underlining.md)
* [字体大小、字体族和样式](/latex/zh-cn/zi-ti/01-font-sizes-families-and-styles.md)
* [字体类型](/latex/zh-cn/zi-ti/02-font-typefaces.md)
* [使用 XeLaTeX 支持现代字体](/latex/zh-cn/zi-ti/03-xelatex.md)
* [换行和空格](/latex/zh-cn/ge-shi-hua/05-line-breaks-and-blank-spaces.md)
* [列表](/latex/zh-cn/latex-ji-chu/04-lists.md)
* [节与章](/latex/zh-cn/wen-dang-jie-gou/01-sections-and-chapters.md)
* [多栏排版](/latex/zh-cn/ge-shi-hua/09-multiple-columns.md)
* [单面和双面文档](/latex/zh-cn/ge-shi-hua/08-single-sided-and-double-sided-documents.md)
* [LaTeX2ε 的不算太短的介绍](http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/lshort/)
* [ragged2e 宏包文档](http://mirror.hmc.edu/ctan/macros/latex/contrib/ms/ragged2e.pdf)


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