> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://ayakaleaf-pro.ayaka.space/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://ayakaleaf-pro.ayaka.space/latex/zh-cn/wen-dang-jie-gou/06-nomenclatures.md).

# 术语表

## 引言

许多科学文档中都常见缩略语和符号列表。这类列表可以通过 LaTeX 使用 `nomencl` 宏包。本文将介绍如何创建符号表，并自定义符号的排序和分组。

符号表条目的工作方式与索引条目非常相似：

```latex
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{nomencl}
\makenomenclature

\begin{document}
下面是一个示例：
\nomenclature{\(c\)}{Speed of light in a vacuum}
\nomenclature{\(h\)}{Planck constant}

\printnomenclature
\end{document}
```

[打开此 `nomencl` Overleaf 中的示例](https://www.overleaf.com/docs?engine=pdflatex\&snip_name=nomencl+package+example\&snip=%5Cdocumentclass%7Barticle%7D%0A%5Cusepackage%7Bnomencl%7D%0A%5Cmakenomenclature%0A%0A%5Cbegin%7Bdocument%7D%0AHere+is+an+example%3A%0A%5Cnomenclature%7B%5C%28c%5C%29%7D%7BSpeed+of+light+in+a+vacuum%7D%0A%5Cnomenclature%7B%5C%28h%5C%29%7D%7BPlanck+constant%7D%0A%0A%5Cprintnomenclature%0A%5Cend%7Bdocument%7D)

![Nomenclatures01OLV2.png](/files/bf6ac9afd887654d924a407b8a9eb7bafb4cab3e)

与往常一样，该宏包在导言区通过以下方式导入： `\usepackage{nomencl}`。用于生成符号表的三个基本命令是：

* `\makenomenclature`。通常紧跟在导入宏包之后使用。
* `\nomenclature`。用于定义符号表条目本身。它接受两个参数：符号和对应的描述。
* `\printnomenclatures`。该命令会打印符号表列表。

## 基本语法

导入 `nomencl` 宏包时可以使用其他选项。下一个示例展示了如何将符号表添加到目录中，以及如何更改默认语言：

```latex
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[spanish]{babel}
\usepackage[intoc, spanish]{nomencl}
\makenomenclature

\begin{document}
\tableofcontents

\section{Primera Sección}

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Etiam lobortisfacilisis sem. Nullam nec mi et neque pharetra sollicitudin. Praesent imperdie...

\nomenclature{\(c\)}{Speed of light in a vacuum}
\nomenclature{\(h\)}{Planck constant}

\printnomenclature
\end{document}
```

[打开此 `nomencl` Overleaf 中的示例](https://www.overleaf.com/docs?engine=pdflatex\&snip_name=nomencl+package+example\&snip=%5Cdocumentclass%7Barticle%7D%0A%5Cusepackage%5Bspanish%5D%7Bbabel%7D%0A%5Cusepackage%5Bintoc%2C+spanish%5D%7Bnomencl%7D%0A%5Cmakenomenclature%0A%0A%5Cbegin%7Bdocument%7D%0A%5Ctableofcontents%0A%0A%5Csection%7BPrimera+Secci%C3%B3n%7D%0A%0ALorem+ipsum+dolor+sit+amet%2C+consectetuer+adipiscing+elit.+Etiam+lobortisfacilisis+sem.+Nullam+nec+mi+et+neque+pharetra+sollicitudin.+Praesent+imperdie...%0A%0A%5Cnomenclature%7B%5C%28c%5C%29%7D%7BSpeed+of+light+in+a+vacuum%7D%0A%5Cnomenclature%7B%5C%28h%5C%29%7D%7BPlanck+constant%7D%0A%0A%5Cprintnomenclature%0A%5Cend%7Bdocument%7D)

![Nomenclatures02OLV2.png](/files/1f15590916f6bbdffd473e86f10fd6b9f63e31b5)

此处在导入宏包时使用的额外选项有：

* `intoc` 将 **符号表** 添加到目录中。
* `西班牙语` 更改语言，并相应地翻译默认标题 *符号表* 。支持的语言有： `克罗地亚语`, `丹麦语`, `english`, `法语`, `德语`, `意大利语`, `波兰语`, `葡萄牙语`, `russian`, `西班牙语` 和 `乌克兰语`.

该 `nomencl` 宏包的其他有用功能包括可手动设置符号表标题，以及添加额外注释。

```latex
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{nomencl}
\makenomenclature

\renewcommand{\nomname}{List of Symbols}

\renewcommand{\nompreamble}{The next list describes several symbols that will be later used within the body of the document}

\begin{document}
下面是一个示例：

\nomenclature{\(c\)}{Speed of light in a vacuum}
\nomenclature{\(h\)}{Planck constant}

\printnomenclature
\end{document}
```

[打开此 `nomencl` Overleaf 中的示例](https://www.overleaf.com/docs?engine=pdflatex\&snip_name=nomencl+package+example\&snip=%5Cdocumentclass%7Barticle%7D%0A%5Cusepackage%7Bnomencl%7D%0A%5Cmakenomenclature%0A%0A%5Crenewcommand%7B%5Cnomname%7D%7BList+of+Symbols%7D%0A%0A%5Crenewcommand%7B%5Cnompreamble%7D%7BThe+next+list+describes+several+symbols+that+will+be+later+used+within+the+body+of+the+document%7D%0A%0A%5Cbegin%7Bdocument%7D%0AHere+is+an+example%3A%0A%0A%5Cnomenclature%7B%5C%28c%5C%29%7D%7BSpeed+of+light+in+a+vacuum%7D%0A%5Cnomenclature%7B%5C%28h%5C%29%7D%7BPlanck+constant%7D%0A%0A%5Cprintnomenclature%0A%5Cend%7Bdocument%7D)

![Nomenclatures03verbOLV2.png](/files/091c2125df087aef6d262a8755c8924601152c94)

这一行

```
\renewcommand{\nomname}{List of Symbols}
```

会更改默认标题。

命令

```
\renewcommand{\nompreamble}{The next list...}
```

会在标题和符号列表之间插入一些文本。

## 分组

要按类型对符号分组，还需要做一些额外工作。我们为每个符号添加一个前缀，并使用 `etoolbox` 宏包来比较这些前缀。

```latex
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{nomencl}
\makenomenclature

%% This code creates the groups
% -----------------------------------------
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\renewcommand\nomgroup[1]{%
  \item[\bfseries
  \ifstrequal{#1}{P}{Physics constants}{%
  \ifstrequal{#1}{N}{Number sets}{%
  \ifstrequal{#1}{O}{Other symbols}{}}}%
]}
% -----------------------------------------

\begin{document}
下面是一个示例：

\nomenclature[P]{\(c\)}{Speed of light in a vacuum}
\nomenclature[P]{\(h\)}{Planck constant}
\nomenclature[P]{\(G\)}{Gravitational constant}
\nomenclature[N]{\(\mathbb{R}\)}{Real numbers}
\nomenclature[N]{\(\mathbb{C}\)}{Complex numbers}
\nomenclature[N]{\(\mathbb{H}\)}{Quaternions}
\nomenclature[O]{\(V\)}{Constant volume}
\nomenclature[O]{\(\rho\)}{Friction index}

\printnomenclature
\end{document}
```

[打开此 `nomencl` Overleaf 中的示例](https://www.overleaf.com/docs?engine=pdflatex\&snip_name=nomencl+package+example\&snip=%5Cdocumentclass%7Barticle%7D%0A%5Cusepackage%7Bamssymb%7D%0A%5Cusepackage%7Bnomencl%7D%0A%5Cmakenomenclature%0A%0A%25%25+This+code+creates+the+groups%0A%25+-----------------------------------------%0A%5Cusepackage%7Betoolbox%7D%0A%5Crenewcommand%5Cnomgroup%5B1%5D%7B%25%0A++%5Citem%5B%5Cbfseries%0A++%5Cifstrequal%7B%231%7D%7BP%7D%7BPhysics+constants%7D%7B%25%0A++%5Cifstrequal%7B%231%7D%7BN%7D%7BNumber+sets%7D%7B%25%0A++%5Cifstrequal%7B%231%7D%7BO%7D%7BOther+symbols%7D%7B%7D%7D%7D%25%0A%5D%7D%0A%25+-----------------------------------------%0A%0A%5Cbegin%7Bdocument%7D%0AHere+is+an+example%3A%0A%0A%5Cnomenclature%5BP%5D%7B%5C%28c%5C%29%7D%7BSpeed+of+light+in+a+vacuum%7D%0A%5Cnomenclature%5BP%5D%7B%5C%28h%5C%29%7D%7BPlanck+constant%7D%0A%5Cnomenclature%5BP%5D%7B%5C%28G%5C%29%7D%7BGravitational+constant%7D%0A%5Cnomenclature%5BN%5D%7B%5C%28%5Cmathbb%7BR%7D%5C%29%7D%7BReal+numbers%7D%0A%5Cnomenclature%5BN%5D%7B%5C%28%5Cmathbb%7BC%7D%5C%29%7D%7BComplex+numbers%7D%0A%5Cnomenclature%5BN%5D%7B%5C%28%5Cmathbb%7BH%7D%5C%29%7D%7BQuaternions%7D%0A%5Cnomenclature%5BO%5D%7B%5C%28V%5C%29%7D%7BConstant+volume%7D%0A%5Cnomenclature%5BO%5D%7B%5C%28%5Crho%5C%29%7D%7BFriction+index%7D%0A%0A%5Cprintnomenclature%0A%5Cend%7Bdocument%7D)

![Nomenclatures04OLV2.png](/files/04343844d490d1f56c43455624e715ddb7e72587)

这里添加了一些额外分组。其代码并不那么简单，它使用了命令 `\ifstrequal{}{}{}{}`，前两个参数是要比较的字符串；如果它们相等，则将该项加入该组，否则继续检查下一个嵌套条件。

请注意，现在每个 `\nomenclature` 命令都有一个额外参数，即方括号中的前缀；它在分组代码中使用。

如果 `etoolbox` 如果不可用，可以使用 `ifthen` 宏包代替，它提供了条件命令 `\ifthenelse{}{}{}`，但语法稍微复杂一些：

```latex
\usepackage{ifthen}
  \renewcommand{\nomgroup}[1]{%
  \item[\bfseries
  \ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{P}}{Physics constants}{%
  \ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{O}}{Other symbols}{%
  \ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{N}}{Number sets}{}}}%
  ]}
```

这样会生成相同的符号分组。

## 为物理常数添加单位

另一个有趣的功能是使用 `siunitx` 宏包为条目添加单位，并将其右对齐到相应条目的右侧。为此，需要定义 `nomunit` 宏，如下例所示：

```latex
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{nomencl}
\usepackage{siunitx}
\usepackage{hyperref}
\makenomenclature
\hypersetup{
    colorlinks=true,
    urlcolor=blue,
}
%% This will add the subgroups
%----------------------------------------------
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\renewcommand\nomgroup[1]{%
  \item[\bfseries
  \ifstrequal{#1}{A}{Physics Constants}{%
  \ifstrequal{#1}{B}{Number Sets}{%
  \ifstrequal{#1}{C}{Other Symbols}{}}}%
]}
%----------------------------------------------

%% 这将添加单位
%----------------------------------------------
\newcommand{\nomunit}[1]{%
\renewcommand{\nomentryend}{\hspace*{\fill}#1}}
%----------------------------------------------

\title{Nomenclatures Example}
\author{Overleaf Team}
\date{\today}

\begin{document}
\maketitle

这是一个示例，展示 \texttt{nomencl} 宏包如何工作，其中的单位通过 \texttt{siunitx} 宏包排版。\href{https://www.nist.gov/pml/fundamental-physical-constants}{NIST} 被用来提供物理常数的数值及其对应单位——链接通过 \texttt{hyperref} 宏包提供：

\nomenclature[A, 02]{\(c\)}{\href{https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?c}
{Speed of light in a vacuum}
\nomunit{\SI{299792458}{\meter\per\second}}}
\nomenclature[A, 03]{\(h\)}{\href{https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?h}
{Planck constant}
\nomunit{\SI[group-digits=false]{6.62607015e-34}{\joule\per\hertz}}}
\nomenclature[A, 01]{\(G\)}{\href{https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?bg}
{Gravitational constant}
\nomunit{\SI[group-digits=false]{6.67430e-11}{\meter\cubed\per\kilogram\per\second\squared}}}
\nomenclature[B, 03]{\(\mathbb{R}\)}{Real numbers}
\nomenclature[B, 02]{\(\mathbb{C}\)}{Complex numbers}
\nomenclature[B, 01]{\(\mathbb{H}\)}{Quaternions}
\nomenclature[C]{\(V\)}{Constant volume}
\nomenclature[C]{\(\rho\)}{Friction index}

\printnomenclature

\end{document}
```

[在 Overleaf 中打开（使用 `nomencl` 和 `siunitx` 宏包的示例）。](/latex/zh-cn/wen-dang-jie-gou/06-nomenclatures.md)

![Nomcomplex.png](/files/32f510788cf158bedc1855f6d41bd55a78dccac2)

## 对条目排序

这是默认的排序顺序：

```latex
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{nomencl}

\makenomenclature

\begin{document}
下面是一个示例：

\nomenclature{\(+a\)}{Operator}
\nomenclature{\(2a\)}{Number}
\nomenclature{\(:a\)}{Punctuation symbol}
\nomenclature{\(Aa\)}{Uppercase letter}
\nomenclature{\(aa\)}{Lowercase letter}
\nomenclature{\(\alpha\)}{Greek character}

\printnomenclature

\end{document}
```

[打开此 `nomencl` Overleaf 中的示例](https://www.overleaf.com/docs?engine=pdflatex\&snip_name=nomencl+default+sort+order\&snip=%5Cdocumentclass%7Barticle%7D%0A%5Cusepackage%7Bnomencl%7D%0A%0A%5Cmakenomenclature%0A%0A%5Cbegin%7Bdocument%7D%0AHere+is+an+example%3A%0A%0A%5Cnomenclature%7B%5C%28%2Ba%5C%29%7D%7BOperator%7D%0A%5Cnomenclature%7B%5C%282a%5C%29%7D%7BNumber%7D%0A%5Cnomenclature%7B%5C%28%3Aa%5C%29%7D%7BPunctuation+symbol%7D%0A%5Cnomenclature%7B%5C%28Aa%5C%29%7D%7BUppercase+letter%7D%0A%5Cnomenclature%7B%5C%28aa%5C%29%7D%7BLowercase+letter%7D%0A%5Cnomenclature%7B%5C%28%5Calpha%5C%29%7D%7BGreek+character%7D%0A%0A%5Cprintnomenclature%0A%0A%5Cend%7Bdocument%7D)

![Nomenclatures05OLV2.png](/files/6e82213ace2bf14dbe05a01d07024808e076f971)

请注意，由于反斜杠，希腊字符出现在字母字符之前 `\` .bib 文件中插入一个 % `\alpha`.

与分组类似，也可以使用前缀手动对符号表条目排序：

```latex
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{nomencl}

\makenomenclature

\begin{document}
下面是一个示例：

\nomenclature[06]{\(+a\)}{Operator}
\nomenclature[03]{\(2a\)}{Number}
\nomenclature[05]{\(:a\)}{Punctuation symbol}
\nomenclature[04]{\(Aa\)}{Uppercase letter}
\nomenclature[01]{\(aa\)}{Lowercase letter}
\nomenclature[02]{\(\alpha\)}{Greek character}

\printnomenclature

\end{document}
```

[打开此 `nomencl` Overleaf 中的示例](https://www.overleaf.com/docs?engine=pdflatex\&snip_name=Sorting+nomencl+entries\&snip=%5Cdocumentclass%7Barticle%7D%0A%5Cusepackage%7Bnomencl%7D%0A%0A%5Cmakenomenclature%0A%0A%5Cbegin%7Bdocument%7D%0AHere+is+an+example%3A%0A%0A%5Cnomenclature%5B06%5D%7B%5C%28%2Ba%5C%29%7D%7BOperator%7D%0A%5Cnomenclature%5B03%5D%7B%5C%282a%5C%29%7D%7BNumber%7D%0A%5Cnomenclature%5B05%5D%7B%5C%28%3Aa%5C%29%7D%7BPunctuation+symbol%7D%0A%5Cnomenclature%5B04%5D%7B%5C%28Aa%5C%29%7D%7BUppercase+letter%7D%0A%5Cnomenclature%5B01%5D%7B%5C%28aa%5C%29%7D%7BLowercase+letter%7D%0A%5Cnomenclature%5B02%5D%7B%5C%28%5Calpha%5C%29%7D%7BGreek+character%7D%0A%0A%5Cprintnomenclature%0A%0A%5Cend%7Bdocument%7D)

![Nomenclatures06OLV2.png](/files/39e329280bebcad2cc18d40cc8984d656f400c4e)

方括号中的数字决定了打印对应符号的顺序。也可以将分组和手动排序结合起来：

```latex
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{nomencl}
\makenomenclature

\usepackage{etoolbox}
\renewcommand\nomgroup[1]{%
  \item[\bfseries
  \ifstrequal{#1}{A}{Physics Constants}{%
  \ifstrequal{#1}{B}{Number Sets}{%
  \ifstrequal{#1}{C}{Other Symbols}{}}}%
]}

\begin{document}
下面是一个示例：

\nomenclature[A, 02]{\(c\)}{Speed of light in a vacuum}
\nomenclature[A, 03]{\(h\)}{Planck constant}
\nomenclature[A, 01]{\(G\)}{Gravitational constant}
\nomenclature[B, 03]{\(\mathbb{R}\)}{Real numbers}
\nomenclature[B, 02]{\(\mathbb{C}\)}{Complex numbers}
\nomenclature[B, 01]{\(\mathbb{H}\)}{Octonions}
\nomenclature[C]{\(V\)}{Constant volume}
\nomenclature[C]{\(\rho\)}{Friction index}

\printnomenclature

\end{document}
```

[打开此 `nomencl` Overleaf 中的示例](https://www.overleaf.com/docs?engine=pdflatex\&snip_name=Grouping+and+sorting+with+nomencl\&snip=%5Cdocumentclass%7Barticle%7D%0A%5Cusepackage%7Bamssymb%7D%0A%5Cusepackage%7Bnomencl%7D%0A%5Cmakenomenclature%0A%0A%5Cusepackage%7Betoolbox%7D%0A%5Crenewcommand%5Cnomgroup%5B1%5D%7B%25%0A++%5Citem%5B%5Cbfseries%0A++%5Cifstrequal%7B%231%7D%7BA%7D%7BPhysics+Constants%7D%7B%25%0A++%5Cifstrequal%7B%231%7D%7BB%7D%7BNumber+Sets%7D%7B%25%0A++%5Cifstrequal%7B%231%7D%7BC%7D%7BOther+Symbols%7D%7B%7D%7D%7D%25%0A%5D%7D%0A%0A%5Cbegin%7Bdocument%7D%0AHere+is+an+example%3A%0A%0A%5Cnomenclature%5BA%2C+02%5D%7B%5C%28c%5C%29%7D%7BSpeed+of+light+in+a+vacuum%7D%0A%5Cnomenclature%5BA%2C+03%5D%7B%5C%28h%5C%29%7D%7BPlanck+constant%7D%0A%5Cnomenclature%5BA%2C+01%5D%7B%5C%28G%5C%29%7D%7BGravitational+constant%7D%0A%5Cnomenclature%5BB%2C+03%5D%7B%5C%28%5Cmathbb%7BR%7D%5C%29%7D%7BReal+numbers%7D%0A%5Cnomenclature%5BB%2C+02%5D%7B%5C%28%5Cmathbb%7BC%7D%5C%29%7D%7BComplex+numbers%7D%0A%5Cnomenclature%5BB%2C+01%5D%7B%5C%28%5Cmathbb%7BH%7D%5C%29%7D%7BOctonions%7D%0A%5Cnomenclature%5BC%5D%7B%5C%28V%5C%29%7D%7BConstant+volume%7D%0A%5Cnomenclature%5BC%5D%7B%5C%28%5Crho%5C%29%7D%7BFriction+index%7D%0A%0A%5Cprintnomenclature%0A%0A%5Cend%7Bdocument%7D)

![Nomenclatures07OLV2.png](/files/facc37ce9c669802d2eef94e72a06c32450f3ba8)

请注意，用于分组的大写字母与上一节示例中使用的字母不同，因为该字母用于对各组排序。

## 延伸阅读

更多信息请参见：

* [术语表](/latex/zh-cn/wen-dang-jie-gou/05-glossaries.md)
* [多文件 LaTeX 项目](/latex/zh-cn/wen-dang-jie-gou/08-multi-file-latex-projects.md)
* [文本对齐](/latex/zh-cn/ge-shi-hua/06-text-alignment.md)
* [粗体、斜体和下划线](/latex/zh-cn/latex-ji-chu/03-bold-italics-and-underlining.md)
* [数学表达式](/latex/zh-cn/shu-xue/01-mathematical-expressions.md)
* [创建和重新定义宏](/latex/zh-cn/ming-ling/01-commands.md)
* [`nomencl` 包文档](http://mirror.jmu.edu/pub/CTAN/macros/latex/contrib/nomencl/nomencl.pdf)
* [`ifthen` 包文档](http://texdoc.net/texmf-dist/doc/latex/base/ifthen.pdf)
* [`etoolbox` 包文档](http://mirror.math.ku.edu/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/etoolbox/etoolbox.pdf)


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